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[Music] hello my name is dr. Richard Artemis and I'm the director of pharmacy services here at Cape Regional Health System do you know that nearly 100% of patients in the hospital receive a medication during their stay medications play a central role in the management of most diseases but medications can also cause side effects or may not work as well if they're not taken exactly as prescribed that said it's very important for us to make sure that our patients are well informed about the medications that they receive for the next several minutes members of our pharmacy staff or introduce you to many of the medications that we use here in the hospital some of which you may already be receiving so let's get started [Music] hi my name is Bev Poltorak I'm one of the clinical pharmacists here at Cape Regional Medical Center and I'm going to talk to you about a group of medications called beta blockers beta blockers are medications that we often start in the hospital especially if you are visiting our progressive care unit on the third floor the most common uses for beta blockers are for high blood pressure and a regular rapid heartbeat called atrial fibrillation or afib and heart failure sometimes we even use beta blockers before and after surgery to prevent heart problems that could be related to the surgery your doctor and nurse will tell you the specific reason for your a beta-blocker therapy and here's a list of some of the most popular beta blocker medications the benefits from beta blockers come from their ability to lower heart rate and blood pressure so most of the important side effects from these medications are also related to these actions these drugs can make you feel tired they can cause cold hands headache upset stomach and dizziness if you have diabetes or asthma we need to be careful with how we use beta blockers beta blockers can interfere with your asthma medications or make it more difficult to tell if you're having a low blood sugar reaction if you have diabetes or asthma please be sure to tell your doctor nurse or pharmacist once you start taking a beta blocker you should not abruptly stop taking it this could result in rebound side effects like a fast heart rate or even tremors and now I'm going to introduce dr.
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Marissa McAndrew and she's going to talk to you about our next category pain medications thank you [Music] hi my name is Marisa McAndrew and I'm the pharmacy resident here at Cape Regional Medical Center I'm going to talk to you about pain medications whether it's an over-the-counter pain reliever for headache or a strong narcotic for surgical pain most patients in the hospital will require some type of pain medication during their hospital stay these pain medications will help relieve some of your pain but may not always make you pain-free it is important to talk with your nurse and doctor to set your pain goal on a scale of one to ten so you know what results to expect when you get your pain medications if you have mild pain or a headache you may just need an over-the-counter medication such as one of these acetaminophen which is sold as the brand Tylenol is effective against fever and mild pain from conditions like headaches or muscle aches you should always read the label on your medication bottles because combination cough and cold medications might also contain acetaminophen and you should not take more than 3,000 milligrams or 3 grams of acetaminophen in one day ibuprofen which is known as motrin and advil is similar to acetaminophen and that it can help decrease fever and mild pain but it also can reduce inflammation ibuprofen is part of a drug class called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory or NSAIDs for short NSAIDs can be useful for conditions that involve inflammation such as swollen joints from arthritis or sprained ankle but they can irritate your stomach so you'll need to take it with food ibuprofen and other NSAIDs have been linked to greater risk of heart attacks and strokes so people with heart disease should use extra caution when using these medications on a regular basis more powerful pain relievers are often used after surgery or if your pain is more severe here are some of the more common medications used these medications carry the risk of addiction so you should take them exactly as directed powerful pain relievers may have an interaction other medications especially those for depression anxiety and insomnia and also with alcohol these drug interactions could interfere with your ability to breathe properly during sleep or could cause an overdose you should only take other medications with strong pain relievers after talking with a healthcare professional the most common side effects for pain medications include constipation nausea vomiting and being tired or drowsy these medications may also impair your awareness and could negatively affect your ability to drive or work safely now doctor Huff will talk to you about antibiotics [Music] hi my name is Chris often I'm a clinical pharmacist at Cape Regional Medical Center and I'm going to talk to you about antibiotics antibiotics are medications often given as IVs in the hospital for infections antibiotics will help you kill or stop the growth of bacteria in your body and different antibiotics work against different types of bacteria your doctor and nurse will tell you what sort of infection your antibiotic therapy is for here is a list for some of the most commonly used antibiotics antibiotics can make you nauseous have diarrhea sensitivity to the Sun or cause muscle pain if you get a rash hives or start to have trouble breathing you may have an allergic reaction to the antibiotic and should be seen by your doctor immediately you may be switched from an IV antibiotic to a pill when you start to get better make sure you are aware of the instructions for your antibiotic as some pills should be taken with food and others should be taken in an empty stomach you should also avoid alcohol when you are taking antibiotics it is important to finish the entire course of antibiotic therapy to get rid of all the bacteria if you don't take your antibiotic as directed the bacteria can come back stronger and harder to get rid of next time you have an infection hi its Bev again and now I'm going to spend a few minutes talking to you about a group of medications called ACE inhibitors ACE inhibitors are medications that we often start in the hospital again especially if you are visiting our progressive care unit on the third floor because like beta blockers these medications are useful for many things the most common uses for ACE inhibitors are for high blood pressure heart failure or if you've had a heart attack your doctor and nurse will tell you the specific reason for your ACE inhibitor therapy here's a list again of some of the most popular ACE inhibitor medications the benefits from ACE inhibitors come from their ability to relax the blood vessels and lower your blood pressure so most of the important side effects from these medications are related to these actions these drugs can make you cough feel dizzy or feel like you could faint be careful when you get out of bed or be careful not to get up too quickly or ask for help so you don't fall ACE inhibitors could worsen any existing kidney problems or increase your potassium too much if you do have kidney problems or high potassium levels make sure to tell your doctor nurse or pharmacist once you start taking an ACE inhibitor you should definitely have your blood pressure checked regularly and remember at any time if you have any questions at all about any of your medications always ask your doctor or pharmacist hi I hope that you're not feeling overwhelmed by this information there's just a few more groups of medications that we want to make sure you know about the next group of medications will recover our diuretics which some people call water pills the most common uses for diuretics are for high blood pressure heart failure lung congestion or fluid retention your doctor and nurse will tell you the specific reason for your water pill here's a list of common diuretic medications the benefits from diuretics come from their ability to remove excess salt and water from your body by increasing the amount of urine you make these drugs can make you dizzy increase your urge to urinate and lower your potassium levels if you have gout make sure to tell your doctor nurse or pharmacist because diuretics could trigger your gout to flare up remember the more powerful loop diuretics like lasix can really increase your volume and frequency of urination so if you take these pills twice a day take the second pill around dinnertime so you don't have to get out of bed and use the bathroom [Music] hi the group of drugs I'm telling you about now are called corticosteroids or steroids for short these steroids are different from the anabolic steroids or the steroids that you sometimes hear about athletes abusing steroids are medications that we often give in the hospital because these medications are useful for many inflammatory or allergic reactions the most common use of steroids are for asthma copd skin conditions irritable bowel syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis sometimes we even use steroids to prevent an allergic reaction before certain medications are given your doctor in or nurse will tell you what specific reason while you are given a steroid here's a list of some of the most commonly used steroids the benefits from steroids come from their ability to reduce the amount of inflammation in your body by suppressing the inflammatory mediators like cytokines histamines and cyclooxygenase so most of the important side effects from these medications are related to these actions these drugs can make you have nauseous restlessness or have insomnia you should also take these medications with food to decrease the risk of upset stomach if you have diabetes be sure to tell your doctor nurse or pharmacist steroids may increase the blood sugar and should be checked regularly if you take steroids for a long duration you should not stop taking them abruptly you may need to taper your steroid dose meaning you take a smaller amount every day to prevent rebound side effects like nausea and fatigue [Music] hi now let's wrap up by talking about a group of medications called anticoagulants or blood thinners anticoagulants are medications that we often start in the hospital to prevent any at-risk patients from developing a blood clot you're more at risk of forming a blood clot if you are not moving as much while you're in the hospital if you've suffered an injury or if you have had surgery if your doctor decides you may be at risk for having a blood clot while you're in the hospital you may be on a blood thinner such as heparin lovenox or a Rik straw the benefits from anticoagulants comes from their ability to make your blood thinner which means that it takes longer for your blood to clot so most of the side effects from these medications will have to do with minor bleeding since these medications may increase bleeding look out for easy bruising or bruises that keep getting bigger prolonged bleeding from your nose wet-looking coffee grounds if you throw up bleeding from your gums when brushing your teeth dark tarry stools or visible red blood in the toilet when you void these blood thinners are given as shots in your belly and should be administered in a different spot each time you may have some bruising where your shot was given now there are several other blood thinners that can be given as pills if you actually do develop a blood clot if that should happen a pharmacist will come up to your room and we will sit down and talk with you about that and answer any questions you have thank you Thank You Bev Morrison Chris I hope that this brief introduction and medications has given you a better understanding of the medications that you're taking here in the hospital especially any new medications that may have been started during your admission if you're taking a medication that we didn't talk about or if you have more questions about the ones we did let your nurse know and a pharmacist can come in and answer your questions from everyone in Department of pharmacy services we hope that you feel better soon and thank you for choosing kaif Regional Health System you [Music]
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[music] I'm Jasmine Lawrence and I'm a program manger on the XBox One engineering team. [music] One of our biggest features is called XBox Live. It's an online service that connects gamers from all around the world, and we rely on the internet to make that happen. This is no easy task and there are a lot of things happening behind the scenes. [swish] The internet is totally changing how people interact and connect. But how does it work? How do the computers all across the world actually communicate with each other? [music] Let's look at web browsing. First, you open a web browser. It's the app you use to access the web pages. Next, you type in the web address, or URL, which stands for Uniform Resource Locator of the website you want to visit like Tumblr.com. [synth music] [ping pong sfx] Hi, I'm David Karp, the founder of Tumblr and we're here today to talk about how those web browsers we use everyday actually work.
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So you've probably wondered what actually happens when you type an address into your web browser and then hit enter. And it really is about as crazy as you can imagine. So in that moment your computer starts talking to another computer, called a server, that's usually thousands of miles away. And in milliseconds your computer asks that server for a website, and that server starts to talk back to your computer in a language called HTTP. And HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol. You can kind of think of it as the language that one computer uses to ask another computer for a document. And it's actually really pretty straightforward. If you were to intercept the conversation between your computer and a web server on the internet, it's mainly made up of something called "GET" requests. Those are really very simply the word GET and the name of the document that you're requesting.
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So if you try to log into Tumblr and load our login page, all you're doing is sending a GET request to Tumblr's server that says GET /login. And that tells Tumblr's server that you want all of the HTML code for the Tumblr login page. So HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language and you can think of that as the language you use to tell a web browser how to make a page look. If you think about something like Wikipedia, which is really just a big simple document and HTML is the language that you use to make that title big and bold, to make the font the right font, to link certain text to certain other pages, to make some text bold, to make some to make some text bold, to make some text italic, to put an image in the middle of the page, to align the image to the right, to align the image to the left.
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The text of a web page is included directly in the HTML, but other parts, images or videos, are separate files with their own URLs that need to be requested. The browser sends separate HTTP requests for each of these and displays them as they arrive. [pop, pop] If a web page has a lot of different images, each of them causes a separate HTTP request and the page loads slower. [pops] Now sometimes when you browse the web, you're not just requesting pages with GET requests. Sometimes you send information like when you fill out a form or type a search query. Your browser sends this information in plain text to the web server using an HTTP POST request. Let's say you log in to Tumblr. Well the first thing you do is you make a POST request, that is a POST to Tumblr's login page that has some data attached to it.
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It has your email address, it has your password. That goes to Tumblr's server. Tumblr's server figures out that okay, you're David. It sends a web page back to your browser that says, Success! Logged in as David. But along with that web page, it also attaches a little bit of invisible cookie data that your browser sees and knows to save. And it's really important because it's really the only way that a website can remember who you are. All that cookie data really is, is an ID card for Tumblr. It's a number that identifies you as David. And your web browser holds on to that number and the next time you refresh Tumblr, the next time you go to Tumblr.com, your web browser knows to automatically attach that ID number with the request that it sends over to Tumblr's servers. So now Tumblr's servers sees the request coming from your browser, sees the ID number, and knows "Ok, this is a request from David." [music] Now, the internet is completely open.
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All of its connections are shared and information is sent in plain text. This makes it possible for hackers to snoop on any personal information that you send over the internet. But safe websites prevent this, by asking your web browser to communicate on a secure channel using something called Secure Sockets Layer and its successor Transport Layer Security. You can think of SSL and TLS as a layer of security wrapped around your communications to protect them from snooping or tampering. SSL and TLS are active when you see the little lock that appears in your browser address bar, next to the HTTPS. The HTTPS protocols ensure that your HTTP requests are secure and protected. When a website asks your browser to engage in a secure connection, it first provides a digital certificate. an official ID card proving that it's the website it claims to be. Digital certificates are published by certificate authorities, which are trusted entities that verify the identities of websites and issue certificates for them.
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Just like a government can issue IDs or passports. Now if a website tries to start a secure connection without a properly issued digital certificate, your browser will warn you. That's the basics of web browsing! The part of the internet we see day to day. To summarize, HTTP and DNS manage the sending and receiving of HTML, media files, or anything on the web. What makes this possible under the hood are TCP/IP and router networks that break down and transport information in small packets. Those packets themselves are made up of binary, sequences of 1s and 0s that are physically sent through electric wires, fiber optic cables, and wireless networks. Fortunately, once you've learned how one layer of the internet works, you can rely on it without remembering all the details. And we can trust that all those layers will work together to successively deliver information at scale and with reliability.
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My name is Tess Winlock. I'm a software engineer at Google. Here's a question, how does a picture, text message or email gets sent from one place to another? It isn't magic. It's the Internet, a tangible physical system that was made to move information. The Internet is a lot like the postal service, but the physical stuff that gets sent is a little bit different. Instead of like boxes and envelopes the Internet ships binary information. Information is made of bits. A bit can be described as any pair of opposites - "on" or "off". "Yes" or "no". We typically use a one meaning "on" or a zero meaning "off". Because a bit has two possible states, we call it binary code. Eight bits strung together makes one byte. 1000 bytes all together is a kilobyte. 1,000 kilobytes is a megabyte. A song is typically encoded using about three to four megabytes.
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It doesn't matter if it's a picture, a video or a song everything on the Internet is represented and sent around as bits, These are the atoms of information! But it's not like we're physically sending ones and zeros from one place to another, one person to another. So what is the physical stuff that actually gets sent over the wires and the airwaves? Well let's look at a small example here of how humans can physically communicate to send a single bit of information from one place to another. So say we could turn on a light for a 1 or off for 0. Or use beeps or similar sort of things of like Morse code. These methods work but they're really slow, error-prone totally dependent upon humans . What we really need is a machine. So throughout history we've built many systems that can actually send this binary information through different types of physical mediums.
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Today we physically send bits by electricity, light and radio waves. To send a bit via electricity, imagine that you have two light bulbs connected by a copper wire. If one device operator turns on the electricity then the light bulb lights up. No electricity, no light. If the operators on both ends agree that light on means one and light off means zero then we have a system for sending bits of information from one person to another using electricity. But we have a problem. Let's say that, y'know, we want to send five zeros in a row. Well how can you do that in such a way that either person can actually count the number of zeros? Well the solution is to introduce a clock or a timer. The operators can agree that the sender will send one bit per second And the receiver will sit down and record every single second and see what's on the line.
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To send five zeros in a row you just turn off the light... wait five seconds... the person on the other end of the line will write down all five seconds say zero zero zero. And for ones do the opposite - turn on the light. Obviously we'd like to send things a little bit faster than one bit per second. So we need to increase our bandwidth: the maximum transmission capacity of a device. Bandwidth is measured by bit rate, which is the number of bits that we can actually send over a given period of time, usually measured in seconds. A different measure of speed is the latency or the amount of time it takes for one bit to travel from one place to another, from the source to the requesting device. In our human analogy one bit per second was pretty fast but kind of hard for a human to keep up with.
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So let's say that you want to actually download a 3 megabyte song in like three seconds. At 8 million bits per megabyte that means a bit rate of about 8 million bits per second. Obviously humans can't send or receive 8 million bits per second. But a machine can do that just fine. But now there's also a question of what sort of cable to send these messages over? And how far the signals can go. With an Ethernet wire, the kind that you find in your home or office or school, you see really measurable signal loss over just a few hundred feet. So if we really want this Internet thing to work over the entire world we need a different way of sending this information really long distances. I mean like across an ocean. So what else can we use? Well what do we know that moves a lot faster than just like electricity through a wire?
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Well... light! We can actually send bits as light beams from one place to another using a fiber optic cable. A fiber optic cable is a thread of glass engineered to reflect light. When you send a beam of light down the cable light bounces up and down the length of the cable until it is received on the other end. Depending on the bounce angle we can actually send multiple bits simultaneously, all of them traveling at the speed of light. So fiber is really, really fast. But more importantly the signal doesn't really degrade over long distances. This is how you can go hundreds of miles without signal loss. This is why we use fiber optic cables across the ocean floors to connect one continent to another. In 2008 there was a cable that was actually cut near Alexandria, Egypt, which really interrupted the Internet for most of the Middle East and India.
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So we take this Internet thing for granted but it's really a pretty fragile physical system. Fiber is awesome but it's also really expensive and hard to work with. For most purposes you're gonna find copper cable. But how do we move things without wires? How do we send things wirelessly? Wireless bit sending machines typically use a radio signal to send bits from one place to another. The machines have to actually translate the ones and zeros into radio waves of different frequencies. The receiving machines reverse the process and convert it back into binary on your computer. So wireless has made our Internet mobile but a radio signal doesn't travel all that far before it completely gets garbled. This is why you can't really pick up a Los Angeles radio station in Chicago. As great as wireless is, today it still relies on the wired internet. If you're in a coffee shop using Wi-Fi then the bits get sent through this wireless router and then are transferred to the physical wire to travel the really long distances of the Internet.
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The physical method for sending bits may change in the future. Whether it's lasers sent between satellites or radio waves from balloons or drones. But the underlying binary representation of information and the protocols for sending that information and receiving that information have pretty much stayed the same. Everything on the Internet whether it's words, emails, images, cat videos, puppy videos... all come down to these ones and zeros being delivered by electronic pulses, light beams, radio waves and you know lots and lots of love.
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[Music] n [Music] n [Music] so so far how's everything going awesome 1 to 10 10 10 you'd get up again next week early to come to a class yes yeah yes okay this is the first class that's being done like this in the state of New Jersey we're we're in the home of Einstein and Edison here in New Jersey Einstein and Edison well what is s SW all right together size weight EMP power automatic what's another word for automatic autonomous autonomous autonomous so when I throw my Maverick and that's the name of that bird that we had out before when I throw my Maverick I no longer pilot it per se the computer runs it I'm a big fan of football what do you what do you think no brainer no brainer Kobe's got it no brainer right so what is it no and the answer is no yes there's built into this there's two types of altimeters what's an altimeter tells us how high it is right so there's a a GPS altimeter and there's also a barometric altimeter so barometric altimeter is kind of the old way that we measured altitude before we had GPS so this has both these are our lights here um that let us know left side right side and then just kind of like running lights um you know these are LED lights so they're pretty bright um so at night we can see them I don't know I wouldn't say how far do you think we could see these lights three mil three miles I am so happy to be here uh because I love Aviation and when I work for the National Weather Service I was also the marine and hurricane program manager I teach a class at ACC this is the first slide I show because the kids in college who have never been around Aviation before they like to see this and and they say that's what those numbers are for you've seen the wind sock right all the technology that we have today sometimes it fails and if you look at a Runway you'll see this little wind sock sitting out there if we reflect back and go all the things that we've done to get you here today uh we want to make sure that you enjoyed it that's our major goal and that you are being equipped to make sure that our great nation carries forward with a whole society of thinkers and doing the right thing and using your intelligence for positive outcomes in the back you have a blinking light that tells you what process is going on right now this is connecting to that some of you you're going to be seeing some amazing stuff and my guess is you will probably be helping to design and build some amazing [Music] stuff very welcome guys very [Music] Forest have you enjoyed this drone Camp so far uh absolutely uh I think this drone Camp's a fantastic program and I hope it continues into the Future Would you um like to do like a career jour or anything like that uh absolutely drones I believe are a fantastic piece of technology and uh into the future I believe they'll provide the world with many more jobs and uh more economic development in many different areas would would you be thinking about um starting an own drone CL camp at your school uh maybe creating a drone club uh that'd be great hello I'm Christopher and I'm interviewing Charles Charlie I have a question do you think this program has a future yes I think it is a great future because this is a uh lot of learning about the new technology of drones do you think the FAA will change its laws in the future for drones capability as we learn more about drones I would um imagine that they would to make um people safer how have you enjoyed your experience here today I have liked it so far it's been very I've learned a lot do you think this program continue will you come back to it I would like to come back to it yet to learn more about drones and uh maybe get a career in drones and Technology of that I'm kobby watts and um I'm interviewing Michael kopka do you think there is some limitations in flying drones yes um first is the safety and hitting planes and birds hello my name is Jared leadore and today I'll be interviewing Jane Jane how do you think this Camp pool um Excel over the years um I think it will help a lot of kids with deciding what they want to do in the future um I I think drones do have a good future and I think it will help a lot of [Music] kids [Music]
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[Music] hi I'm Korean I'm here with some of the girls from FFA who just got back from Kentucky I'm here with Hana Emily Breanna and Rachel so what is FFN exactly um FFA is an agricultural organization that is across the nation and it stretches from Alaska to Puerto Rico and it teaches students enrolled in an agricultural program about leadership and gives them skills to use later in life so in Kentucky you guys got to go to Nationals how did you end up getting there like what do you need to do or no to get there we competed in the state level floor culture CDE which stands for Career Development event a mess and so that was like consisted of like five different things that we had to do and we did that back in April of last year and we ended up winning so that's how we got to carry nationals so what was the competition like it in Kentucky well we competed for the first-place winners from each state and I believe that there was 42 the names yeah and they'll end up turtle and we competed in a series of different competitions and making in fact me the corsage a different kinds of team-building events and we had to take like a general knowledge exam problem-solving test we had to identify 40 different plants we had to identify a pest disease problem we had to do a job interview and we have a sell product one-on-one so did you all like compete one category do you all have your own we each did that and our spores get averaged together for it and get on a team ranking and individually definitely so as a team we rank silver which is like pretty good yeah you know so what do you think is your fondest memory of when you went to Kentucky my fondest memory is you know like just being there in general was a really great time but like the first day we got there we got to like explore a little bit and we got to like go around some shops like downtown and it was really cool and it was a really fun experience well thank you girls for joining me I think her it and these are the FFA girls and [Music]
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