001Call to order the Brownsburg Community School Corporation Board of Trustees regular meeting September 8, 2025. Please stand and join me for the Pledge of Allegiance. I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the republic for which it stands, one nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. Now a moment of reflection. Thank you. Communications, accommodation, VHS, BEMS, BWMS, chain link leadership. Presentation, Riley Children's Foundation, Ms. Murphy. Thank you very much. I'd like to call up some really hard-working kiddos that are joining us this evening. From East Middle School, Dane Liu, Lauren Eisenhower, Ella Hunsaker, and Nick Spear. Come on up front. Come on up to the front. From West Middle School, Mila Otts, Liv Smith, Silar Sati, Sydney Barron, Journey Labetter. Come on up. And from Brownsburg
002High School, Grace Akinua, Scout Newman, Adeline Boswell, Bella Odom, Anna Blahnik, David DeNoyer, Gwyneth Arnold, Majida Lawal, and Mercy Sadiq. You guys can go over to that side too. Don't be so shy. Don't be so shy. So all of these folks are in part of our chain link student government and so they have it at the middle schools at East and West and then they obviously have it at the high school and what you can see up there is some of the things that happened during Riley week at Brownsburg High School where they raised Over $30,000 for Riley Children's Hospital in just one week because of the hard work of all of these folks. So I just want to talk to them a little bit, and then we have a special presentation from Riley for
003the things that you've done and the things that we've done in the past as well. So can you tell me a little bit about your favorite part about Riley Week? All the spirit days. What was your favorite spirit day? Getting to hang out with friends and meeting new people. What was the biggest donation you got? I think somebody donated like 200. So what was your favorite part about Riley Week? Just like the community, like everybody like banding together as like one. It's like we're just there for Riley. Absolutely. Do you have a special connection to Riley? Oh, so my brother back in like, I don't really remember, 2018 got diagnosed with leukemia and he relapsed a couple years later, but we've been like... Riley kids for a long time. Well, thanks for all your hard
004work in high school guys think tell us about the Organization of everything that goes into that how hard is it to organize? Um, so there's a lot of planning that goes into it like especially with like how we collect the money and like all the rooms and things we do and all the places that we go and like all the things you have to plan but Takes a lot of people but these are the people I do so it's good What's your favorite part about Riley Week? Definitely raising the money for Riley so we get to do that at the game on Friday. Who got to be the three? Any of you? Oh, yeah? So was there a negotiation and who got to be what? No, Mrs. McDillan, one of our sponsors, just handed me
005the number and I was like, okay, period. Anybody want to give a shout out to your sponsors? Shout out to Ms. Peterson and Ms. McDillan for all their hard work for the whole Riley Wake. Now we're hearing that once they collect all the dined and donates, it might go over $31,000 for this year. So all the parents out in the audience, thank you so much for bringing them to all the things that they need to come to and for raising such awesome kiddos. So we appreciate that. Susan Miles is here from Riley Children's Hospital. Talk a little bit about what we're getting ready to do and why this is so important. Well, thank you. The future is looking fabulous with all these amazing... active citizens out there moving into action on others behalf. So this
006is really exciting to see this. You have a very dynamic, generous, and very dedicated community here at Brownsburg. I was trying to remember when the last time I was here, because I like to do these in person, but I have a stack of things to present to you this evening, recognizing some of the things that you've been doing in the past. We invite schools to participate in our kids caring and sharing and dance marathon programs to raise funds for the kids at Riley Hospital and our goal each year is a dollar per student at each school and Brownsburg always goes way beyond that. And when a school achieves that status, they are recognized as a red wagon school for a dollar per student at each school. And then if every school within a corporation achieves
007that status, the corporation is recognized as a red wagon corporation. There are less than 20 of those in the state of Indiana. And you are one of those. You are continually... one of those. So we thank you very much for all of the efforts that you have done for us, everything. So I have a certificate for Dr. Jessup and the corporation here. Additionally, if schools raise over $5,000, they get to sponsor a red wagon at the hospital. So there is an actual red wagon on the floor at Riley Hospital that will... recognize your gifts to the hospital. And I have the plate that goes on the back of the hospital. I have a duplicate for you so you can add it to your trophy cases here. And I have that for both the high school
008and both middle schools for not only 24-25, but also 23-24. And right here we are recognizing this is the amount raised last year for the corporation total, over $27,000. Absolutely amazing. And then this year you're just blowing that away. Amazing. Thank you. So I want one of you to hold it because you can't go without a big check. If you have a big check, somebody's got to hold it in a picture. So we want to do that. Mrs. Heffernan, what do you have as well for us? accommodation for Brownsburg East Middle School and West Middle School in the high school for their role in raising more than one dollar per student and making BCSC a red wagon corporation thank you guys awesome thank you kiddos we're gonna take a picture real fast and then go
009outside and give you your license plates okay let's get it parents you can take a picture as well Brownsburg Education Foundation Dr. Dixon Thank you. The drive for your school event presented by Bill Estes Ford is this Wednesday, September 10th from 1 to 5 p.m. at East Middle School. Take a quick drive in a Ford vehicle and earn over $54 per drive for BEF. The school with the highest staff and family participation will win a donut party for that staff. Designer purse bingo presented by Adelsberger Orthodontics is Thursday, October 2nd from 530 to 930 p.m. at the Binford Pavilion at Lucas Oil Raceway Park. $50 per ticket. Visit the BEF office to purchase and see the BEF website for more information. The BHS Alumni Hall of Fame nominations are being accepted online through November 30th.
010See the BES website for more information. BHS alumni are also invited to a free tailgate and networking event for homecoming on September 19th from 530 to 7, hosted by BEF and presented by Myron Age and Construction. Registration is encouraged. And finally, the Log Cabin Homestead Community Event is Saturday, October 4th from 10 a.m. to noon at the Cabin Property at 310 South Stadium Drive across from Door 7. BCSC families and community members are invited to this free event to visit the Log Cabin Homestead and see what all the third graders experienced during the month of September. Enjoy pioneer games, toy making, live music, and activities. Thank you. Operations update, Mr. Hacker. Thank you very much. Got a few things on the list for this evening I'd like to share. The first thing will be a
011very, very exciting event here in Brownsburg, the Homecoming Parade. And so, unfortunately, last year, we kind of have to go back through and re-communicate this because last year, unfortunately, the weather did not cooperate. We've had some heavy winds and such that caused us to have to cancel the Homecoming Parade. We are very, very hopeful for a better night of weather. So the date for this year's homecoming is September 19th. The parade should start at 5 o'clock sharp with the game at 7. Theme this year is Under the Sea, and we are playing the Fishers Tigers. As you'll see up here, I want to make sure we communicate the parade route. While this has been the route for the past couple years, especially with construction, it probably still feels a little bit new based on many,
012many years of going south to north. We are really going north to south. And so we will be, you can see here by the map, is that the staging will take place here on Dog Drive, where folks who have the parade entries will actually come here off of Sycamore. onto grant and then begin to line up here we will have some staging also in the student lot here from some of our own brownsburg floats the um the student council and and royalty and such will be there and the band will lead us out the parade route this year will be come out onto tilden and then turn left on stadium drive down to college and then back down odell street where we will finish right here on the south end of the high school What's
013nice with this particular route is if you were by central office, everyone still has candy, so that's exciting. But also, as we move from north to south, that is getting traffic away from all the game traffic that is typically entering, especially if teams are coming in from 74. Oftentimes, they will be coming down this direction. So we will move down Odell Street and here by door 6, which is plenty of room here for parents and such to pick up students that might... be participating in the parade. Again, keeping that traffic away from the game traffic coming in prior to the game. So prior to moving on, any questions that board might have on the route or anything about the parade? Great. Switching gears here to typically in September we will do this at the board
014meeting just an update on student immunizations. So according to Indiana code is a statutory requirement for students to have their immunization shots and have be able to provide those records to the school corporation. We do have a plan in place that you'll see there is listed in steps one through six. We really began this in middle of August. But there is a deadline provided by the state in which all students have to prove that they are up to date on their records. There's a couple exemption forms as well, but that's what we are checking on for compliance. And so as you'll see here, the reason I always communicate this is we really, really attempt to provide multiple reach-out opportunities from the school corporation to our families that may not be on compliance to try to
015get them. to get the records to us. So you thought talk about from Friday, August 15th, an email goes out to parents of guardians really through parent square and we're sending that to those that are only on the list who need to have to meet some sort of requirement. And so as a corporation, I do feel like that our plan is in place. It's nice talking to Stephanie Zahner, our health services supervisor, who does this work a lot of Hendricks County schools. And she says that our process is one of the best that she works with when it comes to other school corporations. And we do tend to get the best results. Again, we are working towards, unfortunately, on Monday, September 15th, that students without the proper documentation. do have to be excluded from school
016and and again we are trying to avoid that of all possible one of the things that we do accept is that not that if parents just show a record that they have set up an appointment to receive the shot vaccinations i guess that's just the vaccinations then we will also accept that as the proper documentation in order to allow those students to continue to be in school with us So as far as an update on the numbers, this is where we sit this current school year funny I look back to last year. We were at 241 after week number four We are 233 students right now who we are families that we are still working through to try to Get the proper documentation our way. We ultimately end up just under about a half percent
017total kind of over the last few years at Ranging between about 50 between 50 and 60 students by the time we get to that the deadline day. But again, when that happens, families are pretty quick to get that documentation to us when we have to make the calls and say, I'm sorry, we've got to come pick up your kid. And usually that's ultimately the final. straw for families to work with us. So again, I think the big thing that we are comfortable with is we do a lot of communicating. We provide lots of opportunities before we get to this point, but our process does really work and we are in a good spot as where we sit right now with only 233 students out of the 10,598 who are possible. Again, this would include not
018only all of our students K-12, but also our early childhood center. So that's why that number is higher than what we might call as our ADM or our enrollment count because this does include early childhood center so that is i believe all that i have for the operations update this evening happy to answer any other questions you might have questions thank you yeah first reading on policy 4305 miss lippy yes i just want to present policy 4305 for discussion and or questions questions thank you Second reading on policies 2600, 4410, 5372, and 6110. Ms. Lippe. Yes, along the same lines, I present policies 2600, 4410, 5372, and 6110. And those are presented as a second read and happy to answer any questions. We have no comments from patrons, so we'll move on to consent items.
019Dr. Jessup. Thank you. Asking for approval of the superintendent packet which includes approval of minutes from the August 11th and the 25th as well as consent items and claims Old business second reading and recommendation to approve 2026 and board meeting agenda doctor Jessup The second one's the public meetings B. Okay. So we will go to board meeting schedule. We shared this at the last meeting, asking for approval. This sticks with our process that we've had in the past with our first meeting being a regular business meeting and then the next being a work session. So ask approval at this time. Questions, comments? All in favor? There was a meeting that was scheduled on on a day off and I had messaged. I don't know that oh It was fixed. I'm sorry. I didn't catch if
020it was fixed or not. Perfect. Yep. All those in favor say aye. Aye. Opposed same sign motion passes. Thank you now at this time I'd like to suspend the regular meeting and open a public meeting. Mr. Hacker. Thank you very much. Turn this back on. So tonight we come to you with the second preliminary determination hearing. Again, Indiana Code sets that if you are going to engage in projects that exceed a certain amount, we must have two hearings. We had the first hearing at the August board meeting. Tonight is the second. These meetings were all advertised in the Republican at least 10 days in advance. And so these are, this hearing really falls into all the projects that we can kind of throw on here from 2028 through 2032. And so while these are organized
021by year right now, again, these are estimates. And when we think these time frames might work, we have worked alongside our construction company and architects as what these potential estimates also might be. These are not set in stone with amounts, but represent what we feel like are the maximum dollar amounts that we need to ask for, taking into consideration inflation costs over the next five years as well. And so what you'll find in here each year, not only are there some larger what we call projects, like for instance in 2028, East Middle School refurbishment, but also our annual replacement, like our annual bus replacements, technology upgrades, if we're doing paving and roofing, and HVAC upgrades, as well as Operation Fund reimbursement. And so you'll see all of those included throughout the next, from 2028 through
0222032. And so you'll also see the total dollar amount there listed for each year. Again, we are doing these projects in preparation for to try to avoid a capital referendum. And so having these two hearings allows us to approve the projects, but it does not obligate us to complete any of these projects. We just want to get the approval to do so and kind of see what happens with Senate Bill 1, our assessed valuation and tax rates, and then we can make the decision when we get to 2028. But the approvals that will take place now give us that flexibility to move forward with these. We don't have to move forward with everything on the list, but just gives, again, the approval and the authority, and we feel like this is what's best served for
023Brownsburg schools with the continued growth and reinvestments into our facilities. So this is the list of all the projects The other item that we need to cover is just the proposed summary of all the project financing when we add up all those items to collectively it totals to about 196 million five hundred thousand dollars And again, this represents the if we were to do all those items, that's what that total max borrowing amount would be. This is ultimately set up where we can do financing over multiple years. It would not necessarily need to be one bond issued for that full amount. We can take a look at, again, what assessed value is doing, what potential capacity we have, and make smaller bonds each and every year to try to make sure that we are still
024meeting the needs of the district while also meeting our financial goals. Any bond that we would issue would have a 20-year payback. Maximum lease term would be 30 years. And the maximum annual lease rental that we could possibly have in our debt service fund would be upwards of $35 million. And then, again, the estimated maximum project tax rate. All these numbers include a... Again, just a foundation amount of growth of about 4% of our annual assessed valuation. We also are throwing in, especially that tax rate, additional costs with interest rates and being very conservative, meaning that we are projecting interest rates to be higher than what they currently are, again, to ensure that we are not putting ourselves in a bad position financially when it comes to our construction projects themselves and out of debt.
025um that is an explanation of those projects i did want to go back and say that all these items here while they include things that we can pay for there are other items that unfortunately we cannot pay for using project dollars things like educational programming cost for transportation utilities staff salaries and raises and such these are items that are Unallowable expenses when we talk about project dollars and use of debt funds and so it is important to know that we did not leave anything out Those other items are just things that unfortunately are unlawful for us to use in a project and throw those on this particular list so anything on here would be Approved expenses that you were allowed to spend project dollars on So happy to open up the public hearing at this
026time any questions from the board or anyone from the public Yeah, so you had projected tax rates in the packet as well. I saw those. Do you have a slide for that? You're probably talking about in the budget hearing, perhaps, the Form 3, perhaps. It was debt rate increases. I know this is not that particular hearing, but if we get here, does it look like that? It may have been from a previous meeting. It could be right here. Mr. Hayward of when it look this I don't know if that looking at percents and things no no okay it was actually actually kind of like the tax rates as related just to debt over over the period of time of 2025 to 2032 or something I don't know if I can find it here in real
027time debt service rates yeah oh yes yes yes yes yes thank you very much absolutely So this would, again, those are estimated. And so with that, if we were to pay off, what you'll see there in that resolution is the estimated. Total debt service levy and that would account for all the all of our debt not just these projects But when we talk about the previous debt that we have and then adding these into that what that would do to our estimated Just our debt service rate in particular and so again and that's those are all estimated using very conservative numbers This is not lock us in to anything when it comes down to it we'll find out what rates are and and what our terms are and how much we will do that but
028again these represent maximum numbers so these just don't we can't go over these numbers when we come down to selling the um when we're selling the bonds and do the projects so that's what we have to be very very high and those are all based on um those projected projects that's correct that's exactly right okay And how does that affect our overall tax rate? I mean, we've had a history of cutting tax rates every year. So those rates there are half, not when I say half, I mean, we have two portions of the tax rate to make up our total school tax rate, operations fund, and then the debt service fund. What you see there is the only impact in the debt service fund specifically. And so what we try to do each and every
029year is say, what is assessed value? Due to our overall rate and then ultimately when we go to sell a bond will determine how much capacity we have available in order to try to keep that tax rate dropping for us And that's what we have been doing in the past What I will say is I don't know exactly we haven't seen assessed value yet for this year Yet, even though it's supposed to be due August 1st. We still don't have in Hendricks County just quite yet But what one thing that we will have to take a look at is what is the impact of Senate bill one because that could ultimately? Potentially impact what our tax rate looks like moving forward even if we didn't do any projects if our assessed value drops Right now
030we're currently locked into all the 20-year payments that we have previously up to this year with bond payments That could actually cause our tax rate to go up even if we took on no debt depending on what happens with Senate Bill 1 and assessed value as they phase out the standard deductions and implement the new percentage deductions. So that's a tough question to answer right now because it's still all projections until we get the actuals back and have our finance team take a look at that. Yeah, I guess I was just wondering, I saw that and I was just wondering if that was still our plan of record was to continue to cut our tax rates. We would love to continue to do that, but again, we will have to see what Senate Bill 1
031does to that. What projects we actually have to do. That's exactly right. And that's again why I'm ensuring that I'm saying while this gives us the approval We're not committed to doing any of those things on the list Because we can make those decisions each and every year based on what's going on with assessed value for us. Thank you. Yep public comments or questions Well, good evening David wyant to p.o box at 513 a Brownsburg, Indiana Mr. Hackers here if you can go back a couple slides and show the overall There you go That breakdown doesn't show what is required versus what's discretionary in these buckets. That's kind of hard for the public to know. I mean, these are the totals of your whoosh list, but how many of these are discretionary and how many
032of these are mandatory might be a value add there. And the second question would be... Are we putting the cart before the horse? Is there any statutory requirement that the board has to approve this this evening? Or could they approve these individual project years by year? versus doing 28 to 32, why don't they look at these in 27 for 28 across that entire span? Maybe there's some legislative requirement I'm not aware of, but can you explain that in greater detail? Absolutely. Yep. There's a legislative window right now that gives us until we had to do a project hearing in June. And then we had to do two preliminary termination hearings after July 1st. Otherwise, if we did not do that for the next five years, anything on this list for us to do would have
033to be taken to a referendum ballot. And so to try to avoid any sort of capital referendum for construction, we are looking at passing these for the next five years to give us the flexibility that we can make the decisions each year as far as what we could potentially do. But if I were to wait to do a project approval, in 2028 it would have to go on a referendum ballot and again we're trying to avoid any sort of construction referendum to do that thank you sir that explanation helps thank you thank you so this time i'd like to close the public hearing and reopen our regular board meeting um recommendation to approve preliminary hearing or determination hearing mr hacker This particular resolution basically approves and sets forth the information that you saw on the
034board packet and essentially approves these particular projects for us to move forward with. After the approval, we will send those to the county clerk and then wait our 30 days in asking for your approval at this time. Second. Questions, comments? All those in favor, signify by saying aye. Aye. Opposed, same sign. Motion passes. Thank you. New business. Recommendation to approve anticipated transfers between the Education Fund and the Operations Fund, Mr. Hacker. We might have missed one A on that one. I think I'll have to do the public hearing. Oh, okay. That's okay. Public hearing on this 2026 budget, Mr. Hacker. This has been a regular school board meeting again. Go ahead. All right, perfect. Thank you. I know Didn't know how exciting tonight So tonight brings to you the 2026 budget hearing for the 2026
035budget and so what that is this has been advertised on our website also in Gateway as well as the capital assets plan and the bus replacement plan Again, this is kind of a summary of all of our major funds, debt service, education, and operations. As you can see here in the debt service fund, individually it's 55 million, just over 55 million. The education fund, just over 82 million. Operations fund, just over 24 million. And so total estimated budget for the 2026 calendar year is $162,230,004. We have increased, just so you know, the debt service levy as well as maxed the operation fund because since we do not have the assessed value in, we have to advertise insure at a high rate. So when the assessed value comes in, that protects us. And then during the
0361782 process, we will insure, look at our tax rate and such and finalize those. But I can tell you that the budget... estimate when we don't have assessed evaluation does become a little difficult because we don't want to put ourselves in a position where our tax rate would go up or down too much we have to make sure that we are appropriate with with that information um and so that we but that's something we do every single year so at this time we'll be happy to answer any questions on the form 3 our 2026 budget questions comments public questions comments all right i'll close the public meeting and reopen the regular meeting and then go to b recommendation to approve anticipated transfers between education fund and the operations fund mr hacker great so um this
037is for 2026 budget what you will see in the operations fund revenue also includes the transfer between the education fund and operations fund At this hearing each year, we always transfer what we feel like will be the maximum amount. And we typically, again, increase that dollar amount than what we end. Right now we have $8 million that we have scheduled to transfer. We are asking for a max transfer of $9 million. And that's what you'll find on that resolution. The reason we do $9 million, just in case we have an explosion of enrollment between now and then, and we could potentially help out the operations fund a little bit more. But, again, we don't want to have to come back to you and ask for approval again, so we just set the maximum amount today.
038not commit us to doing 9 million but it does give us the flexibility so asking for your approval for that transfer at this time a second second questions comments All those in favor signify by saying aye. Aye. Opposed, same sign. Motion passes. Thank you. Thank you. Recommendation to approve school sponsorship agreement. Mr. Hacker? Very good. So happy to bring to you the sponsorship agreement for the new field house at Brownsburg High School. We were approached by Summers Plumbing, Heating, and Cooling for the naming rights of that particular stadium. Very similar to what we have with the Hendricks Regional Athletic Complex, Summers Heating. excuse me, Summers Plumbing, Heating, and Cooling is interested in sponsoring the name of the new field house inside. So that will include some signs and such, and it'll be the Summers, it's
039a little bit of a mouthful, Summers Plumbing, Heating, and Cooling Fieldhouse at Brownsburg High School, probably the Summers Fieldhouse for short. But a part of this particular agreement, they are offering to pay us $20,000 a year for that naming rights, and so that'll come right to the corporation. for us to to use and will help our overall revenue so what you found the sponsorship agreement in the packet really start for 2026 and we've met with the guys on multiple occasions mr lang and i the athletic director and we're very very excited about this opportunity to not only bring in additional revenue but but be a benefit to the staff i believe in this agreement also includes I can't remember the exact percentage, but I think 10% to 15% off of services from Summers to all
040of our staff members as well. So looking forward to that. Asking for your approval at this time. And this approval will just allow me the opportunity to sign that particular agreement and send it back. So moved. Second. Second. Questions, comments? All those in favor, say aye. Aye. Opposed, same sign. Thank you. Motion passes. Thank you. Recommendation to approve Brownsburg Library Board Member Dr. Jessup. Thank you. Asking for your approval to appoint Brandon McCullers as a Brownsburg Library board member. He has been in this role for a while, and according to the people from the library, he has been a great board member, and they would like that to continue. Just need your approval for that at this time. Motion. Second. Questions, comments? All those in favor signify saying aye. Aye. Opposed, same sign. Motion passes.
041Thank you. Recommendation to approve curriculum update. Ms. Lippe. Yes, I would like to make a recommendation for the board's approval of updates to our health curriculum based on new legal requirements. Do we have a motion? So moved. A second? Second. Questions, comments? All those in favor, say my saying aye. Aye. Opposing, sign. Thank you. Motion passes. Superintendent comments. Yes, thank you. Just a few things. Certainly want to congratulate our band on the band's invitational that they hosted on Saturday night. There was a huge crowd, and I think our students performed incredibly well. They are not eligible to win since we are the hosts, but their show looks amazing. I'm looking very forward to seeing their uniforms here in the next few weeks. This is the Avon Rivalry Week for athletics. So if you are looking
042to spend an evening outside or inside, we have lots of things going on this week. Finally, we have lots of fun runs, dog jogs, step-a-thons, cardinal, red bird run, et cetera, around the district starting a few weeks ago as well as moving forward. These are great opportunities for our students to get outside have a good time and also raise money for their schools So I'm super excited about all the work that goes into that and our parent support groups who sponsor those so that is all Thank you board in the comments Yes, I just want to thank and congratulate the Chain League student organizations on reaching and far exceeding their goal. That football game is always one of my favorites. I love it when they run out with the number and reveal that. I also
043like the, I don't know, it was a two-minute dash or whatever they had in between the quarters. It was just really neat to see all that participation from both the students and the community. So, thank you. Dr. Dixon? I agree with Mr. Hayward. What a fun Friday night it was with all of the red for Riley. And honestly, I'm really impressed with the student section at all of the football games so far this year. It's really, they're doing a nice job. And our spirit coordinators are hardworking kids. And it's nice to see all of the participants there. And kind of amazing to see the stadium as full as it is considering the added space, but what a fun place to be so Yeah, as well. No comment Thank you as always to all our staff
044and students and see everybody the homecoming parade yeah as a parent of a Spirit coordinator is a lot more work than I ever imagined that it is. And they make sure that Mr. Dallar is smiling. That was like the gauge of whether they're doing a good job or not. So that I know. Pretty awesome, though. They do put a lot of time and energy into it. And it's pretty cool to see what's kind of going on behind the scenes. So thanks to the Chainlink fans. Thanks, Dave, for your comments and questions. Appreciate that. And at this time, I'd like to ask for a motion to adjourn. Second. All those in favor signify by saying aye. Meeting adjourned. Thank you.