001We'll go ahead and call the July 14th, 2025 Everdine School Board meeting to order. We will begin with the pledge of allegiance. I pledge algiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the republic for which it stands. One nation under God, indivisible with liberty and justice for all. >> Roll call, please. >> Mr. Aron here. >> Mr. Battles, >> present. >> Mr. Brian, >> present. >> Dr. Bortn here. >> Mr. Kevin Bford here. >> Mr. Mark >> here. >> All right. I would ask for approval of tonight's agenda. >> All to approve. >> Second. All those in favor signify by saying I. >> I. >> Same sign. Persons wishing to address the board. >> None. >> Board remarks. None. We will move forward with the Approval of minutes from June 9th
002and 20 23rd. >> Move. Motion >> on the floor by Sharp. >> Second by Olsen. All those in favor of the minutes from the June 29th, 20 and the June 23rd signify by saying I. >> Same sign. At this time, I'd entertain a motion to recess into the annual meeting. So moved >> by Olsen. >> Second by Sharp. All those in favor? >> I say into the annual meeting. >> At this time, I'd like to call the annual meeting to order. I will start by administering the office to the newly elected members. Hi, Dr. Gail Borton of Aberdine School District 6-1. >> Hi, >> Dr. Gail Bortonham of Aberdine School District 6-1. having been duly nominated and elected at the school board election. >> having been duly nominated and elected at the school board election.
003>> and hereby declared a member of the Aberdine School Board. >> and hereby declared a member of the Aberdine School Board. >> Do solemnly swear that I will support the laws and constitution of the United States and of the state of South Dakota. >> Do solemnly swear that I will support the laws and constitution of the United States and the state of South Dakota. and that I will faithfully and impartially perform the duties of such. >> And that I will faithfully and impartially perform the duties of such. Thank you. Next, >> I Mr. Darren Beckus of School District 6-1. >> I Mr. Darren Beckus of Abate School District-66-1. >> Having been duly nominated and elected at the school board election, >> having been duly nominated and elected at the school board election, >> and hereby
004declared a member of the Aberdeen School Board, >> and hereby declared a member of the Aberdeen School Board. >> Do solemnly swear that I will support the laws and constitution of the United States and of the state of South Dakota. >> Do solemnly swear that I will support the laws and constitution of the United States and of the state of South Dakota. and that I will faithfully and partially perform the duties of such office. >> and that I will faithfully and proportionally perform the duties of such office. Official name come over here. They spelled my name wrong. I would now ask for nominations for president. >> Madam chairperson, I would like to uh nominate Mr. Aaron Schultz for president. >> I move that nomination ce so we cast the unanimous ballot for Mr. Schultz. >>
005Second. >> I'll second. >> All in favor? >> Iost. >> All right. Well, thank you very much everybody. Thanks for your trust and confidence and look forward to We didn't say that. >> You're making that up. >> No, it's a it's a great honor to be a part of this board and to help lead this board. So, and to Dr. uh Dr. Bortnham, welcome back for another uh three years. And to Mr. Baptist, welcome aboard and uh thank you for your service. We sincerely appreciate it. So, we will move on with the uh election of the vice president. At this time, I'd ask for nominations for vice president, please. I nominate Mr. Brian Sharp. Motion on the floor for uh Mr. Sharp. Is there a second? Second by uh the nomination cease. So we cast
006the unanimous ballot. Mr. Sharp. >> All right. All those in favor of Mr. Sharp being vice president by saying I. >> I. >> Oppose. Same sign. >> Congratulations, Mr. Sharp. >> Thank you. >> All right. We have a number of things to walk through for uh the annual meeting. So we will uh get through these as uh quickly as possible. First will be the the board will set the dates and times for the regular school board meeting. Meetings will be held on the second and fourth Monday of each month at 5:30 p.m. Uh all scheduled board meetings that fall on Monday. Monday holidays will be held on the Tuesday uh following the regular scheduled board meetings. Ask for a motion for approval. >> So moved. >> Motion by Murphy. >> Second by Bortnham. >> That's
007a 5:30. >> Any further discussion? Seeing none, all those in favor signify by saying I. I. >> Same thing. [Applause] Appointment of finance director to serve as school board clerk, custodian, all district funds, and investment officer for the district. The superintendent recommends that the school board appoint Miss Kayla Rogers, the finance director, to serve as the school board clerk, custodian of all district funds, including general, capital outlife, special education, arena, debt services, food services, other enterprises, health insurance, trust and agency, and investment officer for the district, which includes investing district funds to the greatest advantage of the district. >> So moved. >> Second by Olsen, second by Sharp. All those in favor signify by saying I. I >> establishment of agency or trust and agency accounts. Superintendent recommends that the school board establish trust and
008agency accounts and appoints again Miss Michaela Rogers as the custodian of those accounts. >> So second by Bortnam. All those in favor signify by saying I. Same sign. This time we'll uh look at the designation of depositories for school funds. The superintendent recommends that the school board designate your bank and Dakota Bank, all of Aberdine, Brown County, South Dakota as official depositories for the uh school funds. >> So moved second by Olsen, second by Sharp. At this time we I'd call for a roll call vote on this. >> Mr. Wilson, >> I. >> Mr. Brian Sharp. >> Hi. >> Mr. Darren Beckus. >> Hi. >> Dr. Gail Borton. >> Hi. >> Mr. Govern Bard state. >> Mr. Mark Murphy. >> Hi. >> Mr. Arch. >> Hi. >> All right. All pass. Thank you. >> Authorization
009of electronic transfer. Authorize the finance director to electronically transfer funds for payroll and payroll benefits and debt service payments. So moved. Second by Olson. Second by Sharp. All those in favor signify by saying I. I. >> Post. Same sign. Thank you. Authorization of counter signature. authorizes the board president and board vice president to countersign all checks drawn from district bank accounts and signed by the finance director. >> So move motion byard. Second by Murphy. All those in favor signify by saying I. I. >> Same sign. >> Authorization to particip participate in the South Dakota Funds Investment Trust. Superintendent recommends that the school board adopt and approve of and participation in the joint powers agreement and declaration of trust for the South Dakota public funds investment trust authorizing investments through the fixed rate account of the
010trust and authorizing the trust to designate and named depositories. So move >> I'll second >> second by Dr. Bortman. All those in favor signify by saying I. Hi. >> Same sign. >> Authorization for finance director to act as official representative for all federal funds. Superintendent recommends that the school board appointed finance director to function as a school board district representative for all the funds and authorize the finance director to fix her signature on the appropriate documents and receipt monies as they are directed. Obviously, this is Miss Kayla Rogers as well. Motion >> on the floor by Bortnham. >> Second by Murphy. All those in favor signify by saying I. >> I. >> Same sign. >> Authorization of crime insurance coverage. Authorization. Authorize the district to obtain crime insurance coverage of 150,000 on all of the
011district in lie of a separate bond on the finance director. So move by second >> second by Olsen motion. >> Mr. Rogers, is that enough? I think I asked this every every year, but I just want to make sure that that's adequate. >> Yep. 150,000 is the max we would ever have on hand for cash. Correct. >> I think that's adequate. >> Could I ask what kind of crime would it >> embelment? Embezzlement. >> What? >> Embezzlement. Oh, >> so it isn't >> taking the cash. >> Okay. So, it's not like crimes happen, you know, >> killings, >> financial crimes. >> Okay. >> Just covering all your bases. >> Yeah. >> Just any other questions or comments? All right. All those in favor signify by saying I. >> I. Same thing. >> Okay. >> Appointment
012of school attorney. Superintendent recommends that the school board appoint Mr. Rory King, attorney of law, to function as the district's attorney for 2526 school year. So move >> sharp. >> I'll second by Dr. Bortnham. All those in favor question. I just want to make a comment. I I'm not Mr. King's been great all these years, but Mr. King's also getting to an age where, you know, he might retire at some time uh in the future. I think he was grooming an individual at one time who was going to replace him or possibly replace him who's now a judge. Um I just think I would ask the superintendent to keep in touch with him and um is there somebody he's grooming. I think school law is than other law and uh just ask her to you
013know check with Mr. King if that's occurring. don't like to be caught with somebody who we don't know who it is. >> Absolutely. >> Great point, Mr. Wilson. Thank you. >> Any further discussion? All those in favor of Mr. Rory King being our attorney, signify by saying I. >> I. Same sign. Designation of newspaper for official notices. The superintendent recommends that the school board designate the Aberdine Insider as the official newspaper for all required legal notices published by the school board. >> So moved. Second, second by Burkard. Any further discussion? >> I still think we should um continue to encourage the legislature to pursue electronic notification of minutes. I mean, it's in this day and age, there's more people, I think, that have electronic access than they do paper access. And it to me, it
014just makes sense to be able to do that. You know what I mean? That's probably going to take a change in the law. But it just seems ridiculous that everything else is online. Why can't our minutes be online, too? >> Well, in the Aberdine Insider, you can get it online and paper. So, it just seems like that would be common sense. It would save save us 20 some thous,000 I think comment. >> Any further discussion? All those in favor of the Everdine Insider being the official newspaper signify by saying I. >> Adoption of board policies for the 2526 school year. Superintendent recommends that the school board adopt the policies included in the online policy manual as corrected and that they be in force until the annual meeting of the board in July of 2026. >>
015So moved >> by Sharp second >> second by Beckus. All those in f any further discussion to be had all those in favor signify by saying I. >> I. And all those policies are online for people at home. So adoption of all building uh faculty and student handbooks moved >> by Olsen. >> I'll second that. Second >> by board. Um any further discussion related to the handbooks. Again there's physical and electronic copies available for all uh interested parties. All those in favor signify by saying I. I. >> Same sign. All right. Child Internet Protection Act hearing. This will serve as the public hearing to ensure that the Aberdine School District complies with rate requirements to obtain federal funds and for discounted telecommunications and internet services as outlined in the Aberdine School District polic policy. EHB.
016>> So moved. >> Another floor by Bortnham. >> Second by Murphy. Any further discussion rel related to the Internet Protection Act? All those in favor signify by saying I. >> I. Same thing. >> All right. We'll move into memberships. This is for the authorization of membership in the Associated School Board of South Dakota. Superintendent recommends that the school board authorizes the administration to complete all forms and payment of membership dues for the Associated School Boards of South Dakota. >> So moved. Move down the floor by Olsson. >> Second by Burkard. Any further discussion with related to the associated school board. See none. All those in favor signify by saying I. >> I. >> Same sign. >> We do have a number of committees that this board uh participates in. Uh they are listed in the
017uh board packet there. Um the board president shall appoint members to the following committees. Site and planning. Mr. Mark Murphy, Mr. Beckus, Equalization Board, Mr. Beckus. Negotiations, Mr. Olsen, Mr. Schultz, myself, uh, Mr. Sharp, and, uh, Mr. Beckus as alternate, the wellness committee, Dr. Bortonham, facility improvement committee, Mr. Sharp, Mr. Olsen, Mr. Burkard, calendar committee, myself, and 911 communications council, Mr. Sharp. as for a motion for approval of those committees. >> The only comment I would have is for negotiations. Um I've been doing it a fair amount of years and next for this year will be 26 years. So I think at some time whoever the alter who's the alternate >> should be involved in that because um there will come a time where I probably will not be that committee. So, and it it
018takes some time, I think, to learn how the process goes. It's always good to have somebody there. So, that's a good good choice. >> So, move on the on the committee. >> Motion for the committee. >> Second by Mr. Beckus. Any further discussion related to the committees? >> None. All those in favor signify by saying I. >> I. Same sign. >> All right. We're going to combine a couple of these here. the appointment of the truency officer and public records. Uh we recommend that the uh school board designate Dr. Guffin to be the truency officer and the public records officer for the 2526 school year. >> So moved >> by Olson, second by Sharp. All those in favor signify by saying I. >> I. >> Same sign. the appointment of title N officer and appointment
019of home liaison. The superintendent recommends that Miss Camille call function in both of those uh capacities for 2526 school year. I entertain a motion for approval. >> So move by second by Dr. Bortnham. >> All those in favor signify by saying I. >> I same sign you. appointment of the HIPPA HIPPA privacy officer and appointment of age discrimination acts compliance officer. Uh we are asking that the HR director serve in that function named time uh for service in the 2526 school year. So move second members. >> Further discussion related to >> we don't. >> All those in favor signify by saying I. >> I. >> Same sign. Appointment of rehabilitation act section 504 compliance officer. The superintendent recommends that the school board designate Miss Nicole Olsen to function in this capacity for the 2526 school
020year. >> So moved. Motion by Bartnam, second by Murphy. Any further discussion? All those in favor signify by saying I. I. >> Same sign. >> Congratulations. Appointment of American with Disabilities Act compliance officer and appointment of Asestus compliance officer. We are recommending that Mr. Ben Schnell uh serve in that capacity for the 2526 school year. So move by Sharp. Second by Burkarn. >> Any further discussion related to the appointment of those two areas? >> Question. I've never really quite understood how the asbestous compliance officer got there and what they do. I mean, I I understand what asbestous is, but this surfaced somewhere where schools were inundated with asbestous somewhere and they needed somebody to check on everything or >> I never asked that question before because I have no idea. >> Yeah, I don't know
021exactly when it that went into place, but if you take a look as we're coming up, we have to publicize the asbestous notification as well that's coming up here shortly. So, there must be somebody that's in charge of of doing that. story. >> Just a simple question. >> I'll see if I can find out when it went. >> It's weird. It's >> been here as long as I have. So, >> any further discussion related to either of those? All those in favor of Mr. Chel serving in those capacities signify by saying I. >> I. Authorization for prepayment of bills. Superintendent recommends that the school board authorize the administration to pay vouchers for officials and reimbursements to employees subject to $1,000 limitation to make monthly payments to Dakota Bank on credit card purchases not to exceed
022$75,000. >> Moved floor by Olsson. >> Second by Sharp. Further discussion to be had. All those in favor signify by saying I. same sign. Authorization to pay school board members. The superintendent recommends the school board salaries be established at $75 for all in regular special board meeting. Um and then superintendent recommends her policy be ID. Such meetings are to be designated in the annual meeting in July. school board members shall be paid pursuant to SDCL 138-37 or a variety of uh meetings that we have uh that are listed in the packet there so moved motion by Olsson second by sharp any further discussion to be had on this seeing none all those in favor signify by saying I >> I same sign publication of salaries the superintendent recommends that the school board authorize the administration
023prepare and make public the salaries of school district employees as soon as the annual meeting as possible according to South Dakota state law moved moved by Dr. Bortn, second by Beckus. >> Any further discussion related to the publication of salaries. >> Seeing none, all those in favor signify by saying I. >> I. Thank you. Publication of asbestous notification. Superintendent recommends that the assesses notification be published in the official newspaper of the school board. Uh the Everdine public school has on file included that an updated management plan as required by regulation for school district buildings that may contain asbesus. Management plan is available for viewing and for interested parties Monday through Friday. Uh copies can be made available for $35 per management plan within 5 days of written request. >> So move on the floor by
024Sharp. >> Second by Beccus. Are there discussions to be had? >> Just a question. Pursuant to Mr. Olsen's question, I would guess we're getting to the point where most of the asbestous is gone. Every time they they put carpet down now, they take the tile up with remediation and that's where most fools tile on the blue is my understanding. >> Yeah. Right. >> There's some things around. >> Yep. Very very confusing. I would guess a better question for Mr. know at some point, but I would guess that we're pretty pretty close to majority of it being gone. >> Any further discussion to be had? Thank you for those comments. So, publication of absessence notification. All those in favor signify by saying I. >> Same sign. >> Review of open meeting laws. The superintendent recommends the
025school board review the open meeting laws of South Dakota as outlined in SDCL 1-25 and conducting the public's business in provided by the South Dakota Attorney Generals and uh for these are laid out in front of us tonight and I would uh ask that all board members look through them carefully and review them. >> A motion for approval. I would move this present that we have reviewed the uh meeting. >> All right. Motion on the floor by Sharp. >> Second by Olen. Further comments. >> Just we reviewed this does not mean that there won't be a violation of open meeting laws. So in my opinion, of course, I'm very vocal. I think it's kind of stupid. Uh if you don't know the the laws, you should be on this board. Um, but it it will
026not prevent violations in the future just by making it available at a meeting. I'll just say that. >> Any further comments? >> Not by us. >> Well, not by us, but it it occurs and whether they and I I I think most people that violate the law know about the open meeting laws, but still happen. So, my eight years here, I've never seen the, you know, open uh effort to try to circumvent any of the open meeting laws. Uh any open meeting laws that I've ever seen that have been violated other places is usually an error of omission rather or ignorance rather than intention. >> Majority of the board members meet at the local tavern in the small town and have a discussion. That's a violation. But I don't think it's meant with intent or
027malice or anything like that. I just but just by having this document I can't in my opinion. >> Any further comments? None. Motion on the floor that we review the open meeting laws. All those in favor signify by saying I. >> I. Same sign. >> All right. Also, we have a number of conflicts of interest that uh we have uh identified within the board packet itself. Um, I would ask for a motion for approval of the complex of interest. >> I'd move those and then we'll have a roll call vote. >> Motion by on the floor by Olen. Is there a second? >> I'll second. >> Second. All right. And I'd ask for a roll call vote uh regarding the conflicts of interest. >> Mr. Brad Olsson. >> I. >> Mr. Brian Sharp. >> Obstain.
028>> Mr. Arms Schultz. >> Hi. >> Mr. Darren Beckus. Hi. >> Dr. Gail Bortum. Hi. >> Mr. Kevin Burkard. >> Mr. Mark Murphy. >> Hi. All right. Well, thank you everybody. At this point, we will reconvene into the July 14th meeting. And in front of us, we have uh the consent agenda. There's a number of items there on the consent agenda. Anybody wish to have anything pulled from the consent agenda for further discussion? If not, I'd ask for a motion for approval. So move, Mr. President. Sharp. Second by her. >> Any further discussion? Seeing none. All those in favor of tonight's consent agenda signify by saying I. >> I. the same sign. >> Report to the superintendent, >> Dr. Guffin. >> Thank you. The first item on the agenda this evening is approval of the
0292526 meal prices. And Mck will walk you through that. This year's proposal includes a 10-cent increase to student breakfast and a 15 cent increase to student lunch and adult meal prices. This is an average of about 3.6% and leads to 75 cents per week for student lunch. This increase is needed to keep up with rising costs. Our food service employees received a 1% raise and we increased our health insurance contributions for employees by 6%. Our food service fund deficit is still expected to be about $97,000 with these increases. >> Any questions? I would recommend approval of these proposed. >> I would move the recommended increase, Mr. President. >> Okay. Motion on the floor by sharp second. >> Second by Dr. Borton. Further discussion. Yes, >> Mr. Rogers. The reduced did not change. Correct. The reduced
030rate. >> No change. >> Thank you. >> There's been no change on the federal level as far as their support for that program. >> They have not released them yet. Um, usually it comes out in August, I believe, each year. Have >> we seen increased numbers over the last couple years since like co as far as students participating in the meals that are >> I think there's actually been a slight decline maybe in participation >> we had universal meals for kids participation was incredible and then that went away after few years after co participation dropped off >> back to before >> yeah I don't yeah I wouldn't say it was yeah I would say that would be accurate these food in uh price increases. That was their suggestion from the food service people for this
031to accommodate their costs across our we are in total control of our food service budget. They >> by law have a fixed amount that they can charge us. So they don't make recommendations. They okay >> we talk through finances with them but at the end we're still responsible for budgeting and for the payments and whatnot. >> Okay. >> It still seems reasonable considering going to our restaurant these days. >> What do we anticipate our deficit to be at at the end of the year? >> 97,000. fun balance would be just under 300,000. I'd have to check that again. >> And not that I'm encouraging this, but no child goes away without getting a meal that they can't pay for. >> Correct. >> And in the old days when they give them a peanut butter sandwich,
032if they didn't have food or money to pay, they don't do that practice anymore either, do they? >> No, >> they just get lunch. >> Way in the old days, maybe. in the old days. >> Oh, >> when I remember because we knew the kids that didn't have money. >> Any further discussion? >> That fund penalt. I'm just It's about 325 at the end end of the year. 325,000. We're looking at what percent I can't top ahead. Think of the full budget. >> Just 20% decrease >> 18 20% >> fund balance approximately. >> It's probably under that maybe closer to 12%. It's getting a little low. >> Okay. All right. Any other comments? There is a motion on the floor and a second. All those in favor of the meal prices for the 2526 school
033year signify by saying I. >> Same sign. >> Yep. Okay. The next item on the agenda is the approval of the first reading of policy BGD-R and this is regarding district credit cards. >> So just some minor changes to this. We no longer have gas cards. So it just removes that wording. Under qualified purchases, I removed the maintenance and repairing. So vendors would just fill us through their AR departments for that. And then since we switched our credit cards over to Dakota Bank, we don't have the ability to place an individual purchase limits on the cards, just an overall monthly credit limit. And then just some minor changes. I would move first first reading. Motion on the floor for first reading. Is there a second? >> I'll second. >> Second by M. Further discussion. Yes.
034>> Just a quick question. You talking about maintenance repair. I mean, you're not talking about going to Menard's and buying a faucet handle. That's that that wouldn't be considered maintenance. You that would still be covered under the credit card end of it. Correct. >> Yeah, that would still be covered. >> So, the maintenance repair is a is a larger I was >> thinking more plumbing maintenance or something like that >> using an outside vendor as opposed to buying parts for our limp place to install. Correct. >> Correct. Okay. How many employees have credit for in our district? >> I would have to check comments. >> A substantial amount. >> And what principal department? I don't think very many. All the principles I >> suppose a lot of activities >> coaches your heads have coaches have
035>> further questions or comments. All those in favor of the first reading of policy DGD-R signify by saying I. I. >> Same sign. >> All right. >> Next item on the agenda. Um, this is the approval of the Frederick Frederick School District's bus request. Uh, just a reminder, state law allows districts to travel into another district to pick up children. The only thing we can refute is the pickup location. Uh, Frederick is asking to pick up at First Assembly of God Church. >> We don't we don't by Second by Murphy discussion or comments here or when you're >> my least favorite approval items. I've said that before. It's you know I have enough money to drive buses to town, but everybody's whining about not having enough money for education. And I I don't disagree with
036parents being able to choose where they send their students. I just think they need to get them there. Um, so I I'm always a no on this because the location for me is in their community. >> They are using taxpayer dollars to drive into a museum. >> Yeah. >> Further comments related to the first approval of request none. All those in favor signify by saying I. I >> I >> oppose. No. >> All right. Motion approved. Thank you. >> And the next one is the approval of the Gen School District request. They are requesting to put them in motion for approval. >> Moved by Olsson. >> Second by Sharp. Further discussion. The comments can carry through through all of these. Is that a safe assumption? >> All right. All those in favor of the bus
037request from Groen signify by saying I >> same sign. >> No. >> Okay. >> The next one is the approval of the bus request for the Northwestern School District. They are requesting to make Pub City radio motion by Sharp. Second by Burkard. >> Further discussion to be had. >> All those in favor signify by saying I. I >> oppose. Same sign. >> No. >> Okay. And the final one is of approval of the bus request for the Warner School District. They're requesting to pick up at Hub City Livestock on the floor by Bordum. Second by Beccus. Further discussion being none. All those in favor of the Warner Bus request signify by saying I. I. >> Same sign. No. Okay. The final item on the agenda this evening is the approval of an administrative rule waiver.
038Mrs. Call has this evening. >> This evening, I am requesting approval of a three-year waiver for Miss Brandy Flejoy to teach astronomy at the high school. Bry's just coming off a two-year plan of intent. And so, this would allow her time to take the astronomy practice and then get it added to her endorsement. >> So, moved. >> Second. Moved >> on the floor by Wilson. Second by sharp. Further discussion to be had related to this. Mr. Sharp, >> that is her intent is to get is to get to get that endorsement. >> She's scheduled on July 19th. >> Perfect. >> Where do you get that degree from? >> Certificate. >> There are certain courses that are not included in her degree. So like social uh sociology is not included in a social studies degree. Uh
039speech is not included in a language arts degree and astronomy is not included in a science degree. So they have to take a separate test for those types of Oh, I see. >> Yeah. So, this waiver is good for one year. >> This would be a one-year request for her to get that. Yeah. >> Oh, I see. Okay. >> In the um situation where it doesn't achieve that, would we look at another waiver or >> we look at other alternatives as far as who else has the teaching certificate for? Okay. >> Further discussion to be had. All right. All those in favor of the admin rule administrative rule waiver signify by saying I. I. >> Second. >> Being no further uh business in front of this board. I would ask for a motion for adjournment.
040>> Ask a question. >> On the approval of our memberships, high school activities. Did we do that earlier this year? That's what I thought. We could have because normally we've done that. >> Yeah. They send them out like in May and there's really middle of July, aren't they? Yeah. Yeah. >> All right. A motion for adjournment, please. >> Second. >> Moved by Burkard, second by Sherp. All those in favor signify by saying I. that those things are their journey.