CorpusRecord 99242

School Board Mtg./Districtwide Parent Advisory - Oct 07, 2024

A searchable transcript preserved as part of the Discourse Corpus. Passage numbers provide stable references within this record; verify quotations against the original recording when available.

Source
Granicus / Lake Oswego SD 7J
Date
2024-10-07
Location
Clackamas County, OR
Material
Transcript
Extent
1,957 words · about 11 min
Collected
2026-06-15

Transcript

Verbatim source text

001YOU WAIT UNTIL YOU'RE READY TO [INDISTINCT]. DO YOU HAVE THE BUSES? WE'LL PUT THEM IN AHEAD OF TIME. [ INDISTINCT ] WANT TO NOTE FOR THE RECORD THAT DIRECTOR AARON IS [INDISTINCT]. I'D LIKE TO MAKE A MOTION TO APPROVE. I WILL SECOND. NO ABSTENTIONS. EVERYONE IN FAVOR SAY AYE. [ INAUDIBLE ] 5:37. LET'S GO AHEAD AND START . CALL TO ORDER AT 5:37. WELCOME, EVERYBODY. WRITTEN TESTIMONY AND TWO REQUESTS. WE CAN HEAR-- IS THAT ONE CONNECTED? OPEN MIC NIGHT. TO LOUD? IT'S OKAY. --GRADUATED FROM LAKEWOOD HIGH SCHOOL IN 2022. A WILD BACK, SHE WROTE AND PUBLISHED AN INCREDIBLE BOOK CALLED REMEMBER MY STORY, A SURVIVOR AND A FRIENDSHIP THAT MADE HISTORY. I WOULD LIKE TO MAKE HER BOOK REQUIRED READING AND SEVERAL COPIES IN LAKE OSWEGO SCHOOLS, AS WELL. FURTHERMORE, CLAIRE DECLINED TO SPEAK --TO

002LARGE GROUPS OF STUDENTS. OTHER SCHOOL DISTRICTS HAVE CONTACTED CLAIRE AND HAVE BEEN EAGER TO HAVE HER SPEAK OR VISIT BUT HER ONLY PRESENTATION WAS TO 25 STUDENTS AT LAKE RIDGE MIDDLE SCHOOL. SHE SHOULD BE INVITED TO COME SPEAK TO STUDENTS AT LAKE OSWEGO IN ALL GRADE LEVELS. -- SHOULD BE INCORPORATING HER BOOK AND EXPERIENCE INTO SCHOOL DISTRICT CURRICULUM NOT JUST BECAUSE SHE IS AN ALUM AND BECAUSE SOME LAKE OSWEGO STUDENTS , BUT BECAUSE HER MESSAGING, SPECIFICALLY LESSONS OF DIVERSITY, EQUITY, AND INCLUSION AND PROMOTING TOLERANCE AND LEADERSHIP, CLOSELY ALIGNED WITH THE DISTRICT'S NOTION. THERE ARE SOME WHO CAN ADD CLAIRE'S BOOK INTO CLASSROOMS SO THEY STUDY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE EDUCATION , IN THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS FOR LAWMAKERS AND ENGLISH AND WRITING . THEY ARE ALSO FASCINATED ABOUT THE PROCESS OF BEING AN

003AUTHOR SO THIS COULD BE A BIG APPEAL AS WELL. OTHER SCHOOL DISTRICTS ACROSS THE STATE ARE INTERESTED IN TEACHING THIS BOOK. I HOPE THE LAKE OSWEGO SCHOOL DISTRICT WILL FOLLOW SUIT . DOCTOR-- CAN SUGGEST THE BOOK FOR DISCUSSION IN TEACHERS AND THEY CAN SHARE STATE REQUIRED STANDARDS. CLAIRE'S BOOK -- AND BECOME MORE EDUCATED ABOUT THESE TOPICS. THANK YOU. MICHELLE? MY NAME IS MICHELLE AND I AM A PARENT OF THREE STUDENTS THAT WILL ALL BE ATTENDING THE NEW MIDDLE SCHOOL IN THE FUTURE. MY DECISION TO COME FORTH IS TO OPPOSE THE CURRENT DESIGN THAT HAS ALL BUT ELIMINATED TRADITIONAL GIRL AND BOY ONLY BATHROOMS WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE SAME-SEX LOCKER ROOM --. I WOULD LIKE TO REQUEST THE EQUATION --THE CREATION OF AN ALTERNATE DESIGN WHERE YOU TAKE SAME-SEX BATHROOMS , INCORPORATE MULTIPLE COED BATHROOMS

004TO CREATE TRUE INCLUSION AND EQUITY. THE DECISION TO ELIMINATE SAME-SEX BACK FROM -- BATHROOMS IS RIDICULOUS, DIVISIVE, POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS, AND IS EXCLUDING THOSE WHO WANT AND FEEL SAFE IN A SAME-SEX BATHROOM SETTING. WHAT IS THE LOGIC TO ELIMINATE SAME-SEX BATHROOMS COMPLETELY ? WHILE SO A STREAM EXTREME WHILE KIDS ARE BETWEEN THE AGES OF 11 AND 13 YEARS OLD AND UNDERGOING RAPID CHANGE OF HORMONES, EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL STRESS? THE RISK OF HAVING COED BATHROOMS INCLUDE EMBARRASSMENT, PERIOD SHAME, BODY SHAMING, UNSANITARY CONDITIONS, BULLYING AND HARASSMENT, DRUG USE, CONSENSUAL SECTS, SEXUAL ASSAULT. THIS IS ONLY TO NAME A FEW. BACK IN FEBRUARY 2024 CONCERNED PARENTS CAME TO THE BOARD AND SHARED A PETITION TO STOP COED ONLY BATHROOMS. AS OF TODAY, LO PARENTS AGAINST COED BATHROOMS HAVE COLLECTED OVER 750 SIGNATURES , VOICING THEIR CONCERN AND DISAGREEMENT WITH

005THE CURRENT DESIGN. THAT IS 750 VOICES IN OUR COMMUNITY. THESE ARE THE FAMILIES THAT YOU, THE BOARD, REPRESENT. THESE ARE THE FAMILIES SENDING THEIR KIDS TO LO MIDDLE SCHOOLS. TALKING TO HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE, WHICH LITERALLY I HAVE IN THE LAST SIX MONTHS, I PERSONALLY HAD THE OPPORTUNITY--HAVE YET TO MEET A SINGLE PERSON WHO THINKS THIS IS A GOOD IDEA. FURTHER, AND TO BE CLEAR, NO ONE IS AGAINST COED BATHROOMS IN THE NEW LO MIDDLE SCHOOL. HAVE AS MANY AS YOU WANT. BUT NOT AT THE EXPENSE OF REMOVING THE SAME-SEX BATHROOMS. THIS IS A TIME TO CREATE THE ALTERNATE DESIGN. YOU ARE IN THE DEMO PHASE. THE SITE WORK IS BEING LAID. IF YOU DO NOT START NOW THE COST WILL SKYROCKET, THAT IS WHAT YOUR COMMUNITY WANTS FROM YOU. I CHALLENGE YOU TO MAKE A

006DECISION AND MAKE IT SWIFTLY. THANK YOU. I WOULD NOTE THAT-- [ INAUDIBLE ] I MAKE A MOTION TO APPROVE-- ALL IN FAVOR OF EMOTION SAY AYE . MOTION IS APPROVED. WE WILL NOW MOVE ON TO-- LAKE OSWEGO SCHOOL DISTRICT EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES BY IDENTIFYING OBSTACLES FOR EDUCATIONAL ADVANCEMENT IN ORDER TO REMOVE THOSE OBSTACLES -- DYSLEXIA IS A NEUROLOGICAL DIFFERENCES OFTEN INHERITED THAT MAKES IT DIFFICULT FOR STUDENTS TO READ, WRITE, AND SPELL AND REDUCE EXPERIENCE WHICH CAN IMPEDE VOCABULARY AND ACQUISITION OF KNOWLEDGE AND-- WHEREAS DYSLEXIA IN SMALL SEGMENTS OF SOCIETY REGARDLESS OF RACE, INCOME, EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND OR ABILITY, AND -- WHEREAS LITERACY IS A CRITICAL SKILL NEEDED FOR EDUCATIONAL SUCCESS IN STUDENTS WHO DO NOT READ AT GRADE LEVEL BY THIRD GRADE ARE FOUR TIMES MORE LIKELY TO GRADUATE WITH A DIPLOMA. AND, NOW THEREFORE BE IT

007RESOLVED ON THE LAKE OSWEGO SCHOOL DISTRICT BOARD OF DIRECTORS WE PROCLAIM THE MONTH OF OCTOBER, 2024, THE DYSLEXIA AWARENESS MONTH IN THE SCHOOL DISTRICT. I MOVED TO ADOPT THE DYSLEXIA AWARENESS MONTH PROCLAMATION. SECOND. WE WILL MOVE ON TO 4.2 . DASHES EXACTLY WHAT HAPPENED. DID NOT HAVE VERY SUCCESSFUL BOARD MEETINGS OUTSIDE OF THE BOARD ROOM. THE SOUND IN THE VIDEO AND EVERYTHING. IT IS MY PLEASURE TO PRESENT THE LONG FACILITY PLAN TONIGHT. THESE RECLAMATION'S ARE THE CULMINATION OF A THOROUGH, COMMUNITY DRIVEN PROCESS UNITED BY DISTRICTS OR DECISIONS AND THEIR EFFORTS. THE COMMITTEE CAREFULLY REVIEWED COMMISSION REPORTS AND ADEQUACY ASSESSMENTS. THEY CONCLUDED IN MAY OF LAST YEAR RECOMMENDING WE CONDUCT A FEASIBILITY STUDY BEFORE FINALIZING ANY DECISIONS. OVER THE SUMMER WE COMMISSIONED EXTERNAL NATIONALS AND SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS AND IN SEPTEMBER WE PRESENTED FINDINGS AT TWO

008COMMUNITY OPEN HOUSES AND A SCHOOL BOARD MEETING . THOROUGHLY DISCUSSED AND WE GOT ADDITIONAL COMMUNITY FEEDBACK WHICH ALONG WITH DIRECTION FROM THE SCHOOL BOARD HELPED SHAPE RECOMMENDATIONS. THE COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT INVOLVED THROUGHOUT THE PROCESS IN ADDITION TO THE WORK OF CITIZENS OVER SIX MONTHS, TESTIMONY AT ALL BOARD MEETINGS, ADDRESS QUESTIONS DURING A TOWN HALL, WAS A--AND OPEN HOUSES AND CONDUCTED A FORMER --FOR CONSENT. I WANT TO PROVIDE A LITTLE CONTEXT OF THE PROCESS. A PROFESSIONAL--WHO HAS WORKED WITH IN OUR DISTRICT ON PREVIOUS BONDS, SHOULD WE PROCEED WITH THE MEASURE WE RECOMMEND TARGETING THE NOVEMBER 25 ELECTION. I RANDOMLY SELECT LIKELY VOTERS IN THE SCHOOL DISTRICT BIG THESE LIKELY VOTERS ARE REGISTERED AND ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS. THE DATA SHOWS WITH THE MAJORITY HAVING NO CONNECTION TO OUR SCHOOLS ARE HAVING CHILDREN WHO HAVE ALREADY GRADUATED. IN LATE AUGUST

009WE CONDUCTED PULLING TO GAUGE ELECTORATES AROUND POTENTIAL PROJECTS AND DEVELOPED A VERY CLEAR --TO ENSURE THAT SCHOOLS ARE SAFE AND MAINTAIN APPROPRIATE TEMPERATURES. IT WAS ALSO MAINTAINING CURRENT SCHOOL LOCATIONS BUT ALSO REVEALED WE HAVE A LOT OF WORK AHEAD OF US TO KEEP OTHERS INFORMED ON WHY WE NEED BOND FUNDING. IF YOU TAKE ACTION THE NEXT STEP WILL BE TO CONTINUE SHAPING--. WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR DEVELOPING A BOND PACKAGE FOR VOTER APPROVAL. INCLUDES COST ESTIMATES FROM BOND IMPROVEMENT PROFESSIONALS AND ADDITIONAL FEEDBACK. THIS APPROACH IS WHAT OUR VOTERS ARE LIKELY TO SUPPORT. THE PROCESS IS ALSO GUIDED BY FINANCIAL PARAMETERS SET BY THE SCHOOL BOARD AND-- BY BOND COUNSEL. [ INAUDIBLE ] AND THAT IS WHAT I WOULD RECOMMEND, KNOWING THESE FACTS. FINANCIAL ADVISORS ESTIMATE THE AMOUNT TO BE $226 MILLION. I WANT TO TURN IT OVER

010TO MISTER KETZLER SO YOU CAN EXPLAIN SOME CONSIDERATIONS . THANK YOU . MEMBERS OF THE BOARD, -- FINANCIAL ADVISOR OF THE ADVISORY FIRM THAT ADVISES EXPERT CONSULTING AND ANALYSIS ON BOND MEASURES . THEY PROVIDED ANALYSIS BASED ON CONDITIONS AT THE TIME AND HAS THE POTENTIAL TO RAISE ROUGHLY 226 MILLION . CONDITIONS OF CHANGED A LITTLE BIT SINCE THEN AND SHORT-TERM MARKET RATES . ROUGHLY $226 MILLION AND SIMILAR TO WHAT WE DID WITH BOND SALES , THOSE WERE SOLD IN TWO SEPARATE BOND SALES AND WOULD ALSO BE SOLD AT THIS TIME WITH A SLIGHTLY SMALLER AMOUNT IN SPRING OF 26 AND THEN THE BALANCE ROUGHLY $30 MILLION SOLD IN SPRING AND MARCH , OR SPRING OF 2029. THE ASSESSED VALUE BASE AND OUR PRACTICES WITH CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATES -- INFORMATION LATER THIS FALL IN NOVEMBER WE WILL

011HAVE MORE RECENT MARKET CONDITIONS AND ASSESSED VALUE INFORMATION . 2025 AND ALSO SETTING THE RECORD ON SOMETHING WE SAID LAST MEETING, MADE REFERENCE TO $340 MILLION -- THAT $240 MILLION HAD SOME PREMIUMS BUILT IN INCLUDING PROJECTIONS UNLESS A SALE IS IMMINENT . [ INAUDIBLE ] SIMILAR TO THE GROWTH OF OUR PREVIOUS ENROLLMENT PLUS AN ADDITIONAL MONTH OR TWO 25 1/4 . BONDS ARE TYPICALLY SOLD IN APRIL AND MAY AND JUNE MATURITY. FIRST YEAR OF THE SALE AND MARKETING --THIS IS SOMETHING THAT WILL RECEIVE OFFICIAL ANALYSIS ON BECAUSE OF THE PAYOFF [ INAUDIBLE ] YOU MENTIONED A PREMIUM CAN BE-- NOT INCLUDED? GREAT POINT. WE ARE NOT INCLUDED IN THE CITY ADVANCE THAT WE MAY BE ELIGIBLE FOR SO IT'S A CONSERVATIVE MODEL . SO THE AMOUNT RIGHT NOW IS 240? $226 MILLION. >> AND THE

012PROJECTED FUNDS IF THERE WERE A PREMIUM MIGHT BE-- NOT THAT WE WANT TO-- THAT'S FINE. THERE WILL BE MORE MONEY AND THINGS THAT HAPPEN THAT WE ARE NOT PLANNING FOR. PREMIUMS AND INTERESTS . [ INAUDIBLE ] YOUR ESTIMATE OF 226, PREVIOUSLY WITH THE FIRST ONE YOU ESTIMATED THAT IT WOULD COST --YOU ARE BEING CONSERVATIVE EVEN THAT THERE WILL BE A LOT MORE-- THAT IS THE THRESHOLD NUMBER IN TERMS OF ANALYSIS AND WHAT OUR CURRENT RATES. THEY ARE JUST UNDER AND THAT DID INCREASE IN THE 2017 BOND . AND THEN IN THE 2021 THERE WERE SOME DISCUSSIONS -- THE POSSIBILITY WHEN IT DOES APPEAR ON THE BALLOT IT'S GOING TO SAY MAX INCREASE BECAUSE IT WILL, RIGHT? UNDER THE LANGUAGE WE CAN SAY WE DO NOT ANTICIPATE? WE WOULD BE ABLE TO, I BELIEVE UNDER THE

013RULES IT IS APPROVED FOR MEASURES -- THE ACTION ITEM BEFORE YOU ARE RECOMMENDATIONS INCLUDED IN YOUR PACKET INVESTING IN SCHOOLS FOR HEALTH AND SECURITY, THE OLDEST ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS , MODERNIZED CLASSROOMS , GENEROUS LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES, AND SUPPORT SERVICES BY THE ADMINISTRATION . SUPPORT IMMERSION PROGRAMS, INVEST IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS AND -- AND RECREATION. ANY QUESTIONS YOU ALL MIGHT HAVE? --INITIAL EXCLAMATIONS ON HOW THEY PRIORITIZE OR WHETHER THEY PRIORITIZE ? IS THIS A PRIORITY OF THEIRS ? THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION. IT IS IN ORDER OF HOW FULFILLMENT GOES . IF IT'S NOT THE BOND DEVELOPMENT PREFERENCE OR SCHOOL BOARD PREFERENCE, IT IS A LIST OF THINGS THAT WERE APPROVED. COULD THERE BE SUPERINTENDENCE IS NOT NECESSARILY--BECAUSE IT MAY BE MORE IMPORTANT FOR ONGOING EDUCATIONAL EXCELLENCE TO PRIORITIZE SOMETHING DIFFERENT THAN WHAT THE POLLING WAS AND USE THIS YEAR

014TO EDUCATE THE PUBLIC ON WHAT THE NEEDS OF THE DISTRICT ARE . WE WILL WORK WITH OUR COORDINATOR TO OPEN IT UP TO THE GROUP ON THE COMMITTEE AND THAT WOULD INCLUDE MY RECOMMENDATION TO HAVE A RENEWAL AND TALKING ABOUT INCREASING THE--. I THINK WHAT I WOULD SAY IS, WE CAN DO ALL OF THESE THINGS. WE ARE JUST PROBABLY NOT GOING TO SPEND A HUGE AMOUNT OF MONEY THAT WE SAW . SO FOR EXAMPLE, BUILDING A -- WAS VERY EXPENSIVE . WE CAN BUY IT AT HOME, REMODEL IT AND --WE COULD SAVE MONEY THERE. WE CAN REMODEL PLACES LIKE THE ROBOTICS BUILDING . THAT COULD BE A VERY LARGE -- FOR HIGH SCHOOLS WE USED TO DO EVERYTHING ON HERE AND MAYBE NOT AS GOOD AND THAT'S WHY --. IT WOULD DEPEND ON EACH PROJECT

015. FOR EXAMPLE AGAIN, -- THAT HAS KIND OF FALLEN OFF AS FAR AS RECOMMENDATIONS GO. IT DOESN'T MEAN THAT THEY COULD NOT IF THERE IS ENOUGH MONEY BUT HAVING A CTE CENTER WHEREAS EXPANDING OUR EMERGENCY PROGRAM. WE ARE GOING TO HAVE TO WEIGH THOSE TOGETHER BUT I AM FINE WITH DELIVERING THAT RECOMMENDATION . I DO JUST WANT TO SAY I DON'T THINK A BOND--. I THINK A BOND COMMITTEE COULD WORK ON SOMETHING, SOME OF THE NUANCES. THIS HAS BEEN IN FRONT OF SOCIETY'S-- LESSON LEARNED AND I THINK IT BECAME CAPITULATION THAT IS UNFAIR . SO WE HAVE AN IDEA OF WHAT THE ORDER SHOULD BE BASED OFF OF YOUR RECOMMENDATIONS AND WHAT IS GOOD FOR LEARNING AND THE DISTRICT, I WOULD LIKE TO SAY WE PROPOSE THAT BECAUSE THIS IS JUST GOING TO KEEP HAPPENING

016AND THEN THE BOND COMMITTEE IS GOING TO GET IT BACK WITH A WHOLE BUNCH OF --. FOR BETTER OR WORSE THERE'S NOT A LOT THEY CAN DO . I THINK ONE THING THAT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER IS GETTING FEEDBACK . THERE IS ALSO A MEMBER OF THE BOARD ON IT WHO DOES IT TO SPEAK FOR THE BOARD AND SAY THIS IS THE DIRECTION YOU WANT TO GO. THANK YOU FOR MUCH --SO MUCH FOR THIS. I'M CURIOUS WITH THE TIMELINE GOING BACK TO NOVEMBER , WHAT -- [ INAUDIBLE ] . I THINK WITH THAT PUSHED BACK EVEN BY TWO MONTHS, I THINK IT'S FAIR TO SAY NO ONE WANTS--SO WE ARE GOING TO MAKE SURE THAT EVERYONE IN THE COMMUNITY-- REGIONS , REASONS BEHIND WHAT WE ARE ASKING FOR. WHAT IS GOING TO BE THE --

017THAT DIFFERENT? THAT WILL BE VERY SPECIFIC . FOR EXAMPLE WHEN YOU ACTUALLY GO ON THE BALLOT YOU DON'T HAVE --ALL OF THOSE WILL BE VERY SPECIFIC . BUT THEY ARE GOING TO GO THROUGH AND SAY PEOPLE IN THIS COMMUNITY ARE WILLING TO PAY THIS MUCH FOR THIS, BUT NOT THIS MUCH. SO WE NEED TO FIGURE OUT WHAT WE CAN DO FOR THE PRICE. THEY WOULD NOT WRITE THE -- AND SOME OF THAT ARE GREAT NUMBERS AND DID A GOOD JOB BUT WITH ANYTHING AFTER REMODELING YOUR KITCHEN YOU HAVE TO DO CERTAIN THINGS THAT YOU THOUGHT YOU NEEDED BUT YOU'RE NOT GOING TO GET THEM. AS WAS ALSO SAID IN THE LAST MEETING , SUSTAINABILITY FACTORS ARE REALLY IMPORTANT . ONE PART OF THE BOARD BEING INVOLVED IN PRIORITIES AND A BONDS COMMITTEE , I UNDERSTAND

018THERE WILL BE A BOARD MEMBER. DIRECTOR AIRD, AND I AGREE, THAT THE BOARD IS COMING UP WITH A LIST OF PRIORITIES AND REPRESENTS THE BOARD AS A WHOLE. WHAT IS THE MECHANISM? ONCE A MONTH DURING OUR MEETINGS WE COULD HAVE A TIME WE ARE TALKING ABOUT THAT, GETTING FEEDBACK AND ACTUALLY-- WHAT IT'S DOING. THE APPLICATIONS NEXT WEEK SO HOPEFULLY BY THE 21st WE WILL HAVE--. AND MEETING NUMBERS . DO YOU HAPPEN TO KNOW HOW MANY COMMUNITY MEMBERS? WE ARE TRYING TO GET 20 PEOPLE , ADMINISTRATORS AND STUDENTS. BECAUSE THIS HAS NOT ALWAYS BEEN THE CASE A BOARD MEMBER OF THE KENNEDY WILL ACTIVELY GIVE INPUT. I GUESS I'M ASKING FOR US THAT WE ARE GETTING THIS TO WHAT OUR INTENT IS AN TO WHAT YOUR INTENT IS. I THINK-- SO THOSE OF US DESCRIBING WHAT'S

019HAPPENING . I AM TOTALLY COMMITTED TO BRINGING BACK --. WELL I CAN MAKE A MOTION . I MOVED TO APPROVE THE -- PLANNING FACILITIES. I WILL SECOND. WELL I MEAN, MY INTENT, AND I KNOW THAT'S NOT WHAT WE ARE VOTING ON, BUT MY INTENT IS THAT WE--WHICH WAS SAID , ARE BASED OFF OF WHERE THE SUPPORT IS IN THIS COMMUNITY AND ALSO BASED OFF OF INFORMATION BROUGHT INTO THIS. AND I LIKE YOUR AFFIRMATION THAT NONE OF THIS IS CONTRADICTORY. VOTING ON EMOTION. ALL IN FAVOR PLEASE SAY AYE. ANY OPPOSED? [ INAUDIBLE ] DISTRICTWIDE -- COMMITTEES. WHAT GOES INTO IT? WITHOUT GOING TO

This transcript may contain errors introduced by automated or source-provided captioning. Bracketed descriptions such as [Music] are retained from the source. Passage divisions are editorial aids and do not alter the wording.